The Maya arrived and settled in place of the Olmecs, but their numbers were greatly diminished when the Ilopangosupervolcano eruption caused a massive Mayan exodus out of what is now El Salvador.[17]
Centuries later they themselves were replaced by the Pipil people, Nahua speaking groups[17] who migrated from Mexico in the centuries before the European conquest and occupied the central and western regions, the Pipil were the last indigenous people to arrive in El Salvador.[18][18] They called their territoryKuskatan, a Pipil word[19] meaning The Place of Precious Jewels, backformed into Classical Nahuatl Cōzcatlān, and hispanicized as Cuzcatlán.[20][21] The people of El Salvador today are variably referred to as Salvadoran, while the term Cuzcatleco is commonly used to identify someone of Salvadoran heritage.
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