History[edit]
Chillicothe was the first and third capital of Ohio and is located in southern Ohio along the Scioto River.
The town's name comes from the Shawnee Chala·ka·tha, named after one of the five major divisions of the Shawnee people, as it was the chief settlement of that tribal division. The Shawnee and their ancestors inhabited the territory for thousands of years prior to European contact. At the time of European-American settlement, the community was plotted by General Nathaniel Massie on his land grant.
Modern Chillicothe was the center of the ancient Hopewell tradition, which flourished from 200 BCEuntil 500 CE. This Amerindian culture had trade routes extending to the Rocky Mountains. They built earthen mounds for ceremonial and burial purposes throughout the Scioto and Ohio Rivervalleys. Later Native Americans who inhabited the area through the time of European contact included Shawnees. Present-day Chillicothe is the most recent of seven locations in Ohio that bore the name, because it was applied to the main town wherever the Chalakatha settled.
It was after the American Revolution that most European settlement came to this area. Migrants from Virginia and Kentucky moved west along the Ohio River in search of land. Chillicothe served as the capital of Ohio from the beginning of statehood in 1803 until 1810 whenZanesville became the capital for two years.[8] The capital was moved to Zanesville as part of a state legislative compromise to get a bill passed. In 1812 the legislature moved the capital back to Chillicothe. In 1816 the state legislature voted to move the capital again, toColumbus to have it near the geographic center of the state, where it would be more accessible to most citizens.[9]
Migrants to Chillicothe included free blacks, who came to a place with fewer restrictions than in the slave states. They created a vibrant community and aided runaway slaves coming north. As tensions increased prior to the breakout of the American Civil War, the free black community at Chillicothe maintained stations and aid to support refugees on the Underground Railroad. Slaves escaping from the Southtraveled across the Ohio River to freedom, and then up the Scioto River to get more distance from their former homes and slave hunters. White abolitionists aided the Underground Railroad as well.
Geography[edit]
Chillicothe is located at 39°20′11″N 82°59′2″W (39.336525, -82.983822).[10] It lies within the ecoregion of the Western Allegheny Plateau.[11]It lies between the Scioto River and Paint Creek near their confluence.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 10.60 square miles (27.45 km2), of which 10.43 square miles (27.01 km2) is land and 0.17 square miles (0.44 km2) is water.[1]
The city is surrounded by farming communities, and Chillicothe residents describe the area as the foothills of the Appalachians.
Demographics[edit]
| Historical population | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1820 | 2,426 | — | |
| 1830 | 2,846 | 17.3% | |
| 1840 | 3,977 | 39.7% | |
| 1850 | 7,100 | 78.5% | |
| 1860 | 7,626 | 7.4% | |
| 1870 | 8,920 | 17.0% | |
| 1880 | 10,938 | 22.6% | |
| 1890 | 11,288 | 3.2% | |
| 1900 | 12,976 | 15.0% | |
| 1910 | 14,508 | 11.8% | |
| 1920 | 15,831 | 9.1% | |
| 1930 | 18,340 | 15.8% | |
| 1940 | 20,129 | 9.8% | |
| 1950 | 20,133 | 0.0% | |
| 1960 | 24,957 | 24.0% | |
| 1970 | 24,842 | −0.5% | |
| 1980 | 23,420 | −5.7% | |
| 1990 | 21,923 | −6.4% | |
| 2000 | 21,796 | −0.6% | |
| 2010 | 21,901 | 0.5% | |
| Est. 2014 | 21,738 | [12] | −0.7% |
| Sources:[4][13][14][15][16][17] | |||
2010 census[edit]
As of the census[2] of 2010, there were 21,901 people, 9,420 households, and 5,559 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,099.8 inhabitants per square mile (810.7/km2). There were 10,600 housing units at an average density of 1,016.3 per square mile (392.4/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 88.1%White, 7.2% African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.5% Asian, 0.5% from other races, and 3.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.3% of the population.
There were 9,420 households of which 27.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.1% were married couples living together, 14.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 41.0% were non-families. 34.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.25 and the average family size was 2.87.
The median age in the city was 41.5 years. 21.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.8% were from 25 to 44; 27.8% were from 45 to 64; and 17.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.6% male and 52.4% female.
2000 census[edit]
As of the census[4] of 2000, there were 21,796 people, 9,481 households, and 5,754 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,283.7 people per square mile (882.1/km²). There were 10,303 housing units at an average density of 1,079.5 per square mile (417.0/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 89.21% White, 7.51% African American, 0.34% Native American, 0.56% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.35% from other races, and 2.00% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.84% of the population.
There were 9,481 households out of which 25.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.5% were married couples living together, 13.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.3% were non-families. 34.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.24 and the average family size was 2.85.
In the city the population was spread out with 22.2% under the age of 18, 8.4% from 18 to 24, 27.1% from 25 to 44, 24.1% from 45 to 64, and 18.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 88.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.3 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $33,991, and the median income for a family was $42,477. Males had a median income of $35,199 versus $25,010 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,101. About 9.3% of families and 12.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.3% of those under age 18 and 9.3% of those age 65 or over.
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