Maybe also a calendar...................
The Ishango Bone, Possibly One of the Oldest Calendars(25,000 BCE – 20,000 BCE)
The Ishango Bone, a notched talley stick discovered at Ishango in the Congo (Zaire) in 1960 by Jean de Heinzelin de Braucourt, and now preserved in the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, is one of the oldest known objects that may contain logical or mathematical carvings. It may be simply a talley stick.
Alexander Marschak, an independent scholar, argued that it represents a six-month lunar calendar. In 1970 Marshack published his innovative Notation dans les gravures du Paléolithique Supérieur. He argued that talley marks on certain bones represented a system of proto-writing, and proposed the controversial theory that notches and lines carved on certain Upper Paleolithic bone plaques were notation systems, specifically lunar calendars notating the passage of time. Using microscopic analysis, Marshack showed that seemingly random or meaningless notches on bone were sometimes interpretable as structured series of numbers. Marshack expanded upon these ideas in his book, The Roots of Civilization (1972). If Marshack's interpretation is correct, notched bones such as these may be, in the words of John Eccles, the earliest "conceptual performance of homo sapiens." Alternatively they may be a yet to be understood method of recording information, or something else.
Other supposed "lunar calendars" from about the same date have been discovered on ojbects such as the Isturitz Baton, the Blanchard bone, and possibly in cave paintings in Lascaux and elsewhere.
Eccles, Evolution of the Brain: Creation of the Self (1989) reproducing the Blanchard bone on the cover; discussion on 135-36.
This was found in the Congo............central Africa..............it predates..............the world's oldest language Sumerian...........per scholars............but i think another language is older...........from Africa..........
Mathematical Treasure: Ishango Bone | Mathematical ...
www.maa.org/.../mathematical-treas...
Perhaps the oldest mathematical artifact in existence, the Ishango Bone (above), was unearthed in 1950 in the then Belgian colony of the Congo (now the ...
Mathematical Association of America
Ishango Bone : nrich.maths.org
nrich.maths.org/6013
Can you decode the mysterious markings on this ancient bone tool?[PDF]DOES THE ISHANGO BONE INDICATE A ... - arXiv
arxiv.org/pdf/1204.1019
arXiv
by V Pletser - 2012 - Cited by 1 - Related articles
The Heinzelin's Ishango bone has notches that seem to form patterns, ... the hypothesis that the Ishango bone is a primitive mathematical tool using the base 12 ...The Ishango Bone, Possibly One of the Oldest Calendars ...
www.historyofinformation.com/expanded.php?id=4
The Ishango Bone, Possibly One of the Oldest Calendars (25,000 BCE – 20,000 BCE) ... He argued that talley marks on certain bones represented a system of ...
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