The same set of numbers...........beginning with 3, 5....................I get by the difference of successive squares..............I get by overlapping the pf with the whole # integers.........

Whole Numbers

Whole Numbers are simply the numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ... (and so on)

No Fractions!

Examples: 0, 7, 212 and 1023 are all whole numbers

(But numbers like ½, 1.1 and 3.5 are not whole numbers.)

Counting Numbers

Counting Numbers are Whole Numbers, but without the zero. Because you can't "count" zero.
So they are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ... (and so on).

Natural Numbers

"Natural Numbers" can mean either "Counting Numbers" {1, 2, 3, ...}, or "Whole Numbers" {0, 1, 2, 3, ...}, depending on the subject.

Integers

Integers are like whole numbers, but they also include negative numbers ... but still no fractions allowed!

So, integers can be negative {-1, -2,-3, -4, -5, ... }, positive {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ... }, or zero {0}
We can put that all together like this:

Integers = { ..., -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ... }

Examples: −16, −3, 0, 1 and 198 are all integers.

(But numbers like ½, 1.1 and 3.5 are not integers)

These are all integers (click to mark), and they continue left and right infinitely: