Bodrum
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| Bodrum | |
|---|---|
| District of Muğla Province | |
Clockwise from top left: 1st: View of Bodrum from castle of St.Peter, 2nd: PortAtami, 3rd: A view of Bodrum, 4th: Seaside at Bodrum , 5th: Marina in Bodrum, 6th: Bodrum Castle.
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Bodrum
| |
| Coordinates: 37°02′00″N 27°26′00″ECoordinates: 37°02′00″N 27°26′00″E | |
| Country |  Turkey |
| Province | Muğla |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Mehmet Kocadon (CHP) |
| • Kaymakam | Feridun Cemal Özdemir |
| Area[1] | |
| • District | 656.06 km2 (253.31 sq mi) |
| Population (2013) | |
| • Urban | 36,401[2] |
| Website | www |
Bodrum (Turkish pronunciation: [ˈbodɾum]) is a district and a port city in Muğla Province, in the southwestern Aegean Region of Turkey. It is located on the southern coast of Bodrum Peninsula, at a point that checks the entry into the Gulf of Gökova, and is also the center of the eponymous district. The city was called Halicarnassus of Caria in ancient times and was famous for housing the Mausoleum of Mausolus, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Bodrum Castle, built by the Knights Hospitaller in the 15th century, overlooks the harbour and the marina. The castle grounds include a Museum of Underwater Archaeology and hosts several cultural festivals throughout the year. The city had a population of 36,317 in 2012.
Contents
[hide]Geography[edit]
Etymology[edit]
The name Bodrum derives from Petronium, named from the Hospitaller Castle of St. Peter (see history). The site was formerly known as Halicarnassus (Ancient Greek: Ἁλικαρνασσός,[3] Turkish: Halikarnas.)
Climate[edit]
Bodrum has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Csa in the Koeppen climate classification). Winter average is around 15 °C (59 °F) and in the summer 34 °C (93 °F), with very sunny spells. Summers are hot and mostly sunny and winters are mild and humid.
| [hide]Climate data for Bodrum | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 25.3 (77.5) | 27.2 (81) | 30.1 (86.2) | 36.2 (97.2) | 40.0 (104) | 46.6 (115.9) | 50.8 (123.4) | 48.6 (119.5) | 45.1 (113.2) | 34.9 (94.8) | 30.6 (87.1) | 28.4 (83.1) | 50.8 (123.4) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 15.1 (59.2) | 15.2 (59.4) | 17.6 (63.7) | 21.1 (70) | 26.0 (78.8) | 31.2 (88.2) | 34.2 (93.6) | 34.0 (93.2) | 30.3 (86.5) | 25.6 (78.1) | 20.3 (68.5) | 16.5 (61.7) | 23.93 (75.08) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 8.3 (46.9) | 8.0 (46.4) | 9.7 (49.5) | 12.7 (54.9) | 16.5 (61.7) | 20.8 (69.4) | 23.3 (73.9) | 23.3 (73.9) | 20.3 (68.5) | 16.8 (62.2) | 12.8 (55) | 9.8 (49.6) | 15.19 (59.33) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 134.1 (5.28) | 107.9 (4.248) | 74.0 (2.913) | 39.1 (1.539) | 18.4 (0.724) | 7.5 (0.295) | 1.3 (0.051) | 8.5 (0.335) | 20.8 (0.819) | 40.5 (1.594) | 97.7 (3.846) | 156.2 (6.15) | 706 (27.794) |
| Average rainy days | 12.3 | 11.2 | 8.5 | 6.9 | 3.7 | 2.1 | 1.5 | 1.0 | 2.8 | 5.3 | 8.8 | 13.2 | 77.3 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 148.8 | 151.2 | 198.4 | 225 | 285.2 | 318 | 337.9 | 322.4 | 273 | 223.2 | 168 | 139.5 | 2,790.6 |
| Source: Devlet Meteoroloji İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü [4] | |||||||||||||
| Month | Sea Temp (°C) | Swimming Pool Temp (°C) |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | ||
| Feb | ||
| Mar | ||
| Apr | ||
| May | ||
| Jun | ||
| July | ||
| Aug | ||
| Sep | ||
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| Nov | ||
| Dec |
"Average swimming pool and sea temperatures for Bodrum". BodrumBulletin. Retrieved 1 March 2015.
History[edit]
See also: Halicarnassus
Halicarnassus (Ancient Greek: Ἁλικαρνᾱσσός Halikarnassós or Ἀλικαρνασσός Alikarnassós; Turkish: Halikarnas) was an ancient Greek city at the site of modern Bodrum in Turkey. Halicarnassus was founded by Dorian Greeks, and the figures on its coins, such as the head of Medusa, Athena or Poseidon, or the trident, support the statement that the mother cities were Troezen and Argos.[5] The inhabitants appear to have accepted Anthes, a son of Poseidon, as their legendary founder, as mentioned by Strabo, and were proud of the title of Antheadae. The Carian name for Halicarnassus has been tentatively identified with Alosδkarnosδ in inscriptions.
At an early period Halicarnassus was a member of the Doric Hexapolis, which included Kos, Cnidus, Lindos, Kameiros and Ialysus; but it was expelled from the league when one of its citizens, Agasicles, took home the prize tripod which he had won in the Triopian games, instead of dedicating it according to custom to the Triopian Apollo. In the early 5th century Halicarnassus was under the sway of Artemisia I of Caria (also known as Artemesia of Halicarnassus [6]), who made herself famous as a naval commander at the battle of Salamis. Of Pisindalis, her son and successor, little is known; but Lygdamis, the tyrant of Halicarnussus, who next attained power, is notorious for having put to death the poet Panyasis and causing Herodotus, possibly the best known Halicarnassian, to leave his native city (c. 457 BC).[7]
The city later fell under Persian rule. Under the Persians, it was the capital city of the satrapy of Caria, the region that had since long constituted its hinterland and of which it was the principal port. Its strategic location ensured that the city enjoyed considerable autonomy. Archaeological evidence from the period such as the recently discovered Salmakis (Kaplankalesi) Inscription, now in Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archaeology, attest to the particular pride its inhabitants had developed.[8]
Alexander the Great laid siege to the city after his arrival in Carian lands and, together with his ally, the queen Ada of Caria, captured it after fighting in 334 BCE.
Mausolus[edit]
Mausolus ruled Caria from here, nominally on behalf of the Persians and independently in practical terms, for much of his reign from 377 to 353 BC. When he died in 353 BC, Artemisia II of Caria, who was both his sister and his widow, employed the ancient Greek architectsSatyros and Pythis, and the four sculptors Bryaxis, Scopas, Leochares and Timotheus to build a monument, as well as a tomb, for him. The word "mausoleum" derives from the structure of this tomb. It was a temple-like structure decorated with reliefs and statuary on a massive base. Today only the foundations and a few pieces of sculpture remain.
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