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"It is a pre-Neanderthal jaw that we believe is between 130,000 to 250,000 years
old," said Belgrade University archaeology professor Dusan Mihailovic, head of
the team studying the jaw.
"It could help us
explain better the human evolution and implications of movements of the
population and culture across a large territory," he said.
Anthropologists
believe Africa was the birthplace of man, who then migrated northwards into the
Middle East and Europe, possibly in reaction to climate changes.
During the periodic ice ages northern Europe would have
been covered in ice, so the theory is these early humans stayed in the easier
climate of southern Europe.
The jaw might belong
to homo erectus, the first type of human to walk upright, who appeared in Africa
1.8 million years ago and was the precursor of both modern man, or homo sapiens,
and the separate species of Neanderthal man.
The jaw was
found at a depth of four meters, below a Neanderthal village in a linked cave,
one of the richest archaeological sites in the region.
The remains of a hearth, primitive stone and bone tools
and animals indicated an 80,000 year old home base.
"What we found there was enough to reconstruct the way
of living, changes in culture, climate, vegetation and animal life during a
longer period of some 50,000 years," Mihailovic said.
"The fact we
found a jaw so many layers below the settlement is additional proof the jaw is
much older."
Archaeologists started digging
deeper initially in the hope of finding more fossil remains.
"We were looking for Neanderthals," Roksandic said, "but
this is much better."
Neanderthals, viewed as a
evolutionary dead-end, died out about 30,000 years ago.
(Additional reporting by Tanja Cvekic, Editing by Ellie
Tzortzi and Matthew Jones)
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